Microbial Exposure and Health Assessments in Sanitation Technologies and Systems

The main objective of a sanitation system is to protect and promote human health. This is done by providing and maintaining a clean environment without faecal contamination and by adopting measures that break the cycle of disease transmission. To achieve the direct effects of containment and reduction of pathogenic organism the system should be technically appropriate, economically viable, socially acceptable, and institutionally manageable which are factors that all affect the health outcomes. This book focuses on the health factors related to pathogenic organisms. The attempt is to assess and review evidences in relation to health impact and to discuss the findings based on epidemiological evidence, risk assessment and behavioural aspects and practices.